Friday, December 26, 2025

ANAXIMANDER OF MILETUS

Anaximander of Miletus was a presocratic philosopher and a disciple of Thales. While he agreed that reality must originate from a fundamental principle, he rejected the idea that this principle could be a familiar physical substance such as water. Instead, he introduced the concept of the apeiron, meaning the indefinite or boundless.

According to Anaximander, the apeiron is eternal, infinite, and capable of generating all things. From it, the elements emerge and eventually return in a process governed by necessity and balance. His theory represents an important step toward abstract thinking, as it moved philosophy beyond observable matter and introduced a more conceptual explanation of the cosmos.

Reading – Anaximander of Miletus

Multiple Choice

1. What was Anaximander’s main philosophical contribution?




2. Why did Anaximander reject water as the archē?





True / False

3. The apeiron is finite and limited.


4. Anaximander introduced a more abstract explanation of reality.



Fill in the Gaps

5. Anaximander proposed the __________ as the origin of all things.




THALES OF MILETUS

 


Thales of Miletus is traditionally considered the first philosopher of Western thought. His main contribution was the idea that the universe can be explained through a single natural principle rather than divine intervention. Thales proposed that water is the archē, the fundamental substance from which everything originates and to which everything returns.

For Thales, water represented life, change, and continuity. His approach marked a radical shift from mythological explanations toward rational inquiry, establishing the foundations of scientific thinking.

Now, image trying to understand all modern technology by identifying its basic component. Just as many devices rely on electricity, Thales believed that all reality depended on water.

Reading Comprehension

Thales of Miletus is traditionally regarded as the first philosopher in Western thought. Unlike mythological explanations that attributed natural events to the actions of gods, Thales sought to explain the universe through a single natural principle. His revolutionary idea was that water is the archē, the fundamental substance from which all things originate.

Thales observed that water is essential for life, capable of transformation, and present in different states. Based on these observations, he proposed that water underlies the diversity of the natural world. Although his theory may seem simplistic today, it marked a crucial shift from mythos to logos, laying the foundations for scientific and philosophical reasoning.

1️⃣ Multiple Choice

1. Why is Thales considered revolutionary?




2. What did Thales identify as the archē?





2️⃣ True / False

3. Thales relied mainly on mythological explanations.


4. Thales’ ideas helped initiate scientific thinking.



3️⃣ Fill in the Gaps

5. Thales believed that __________ was the origin of all things.




Thursday, December 25, 2025

Presocratic Philosophy










What Presocratic Philosophy tried to explain?

Presocratic philosophy refers to the body of philosophical ideas developed in ancient Greece between the 7th and 5th centuries BCE, before Socrates. These thinkers sought to explain the origin and functioning of the universe through reason (logos) rather than through mythological narratives (mythos).

One of their main concerns was the search for the archē, the fundamental principle or origin of all things. Presocratic philosophers aimed to provide rational and natural explanations of reality, focusing on nature (phýsis), change, permanence, and the structure of the cosmos. Their ideas laid the foundations of Western science and philosophy.

Among the most important presocratic thinkers were Thales of Miletus, who proposed water as the archē; Anaximander, who introduced the concept of the apeiron, the indefinite or boundless; and Anaximenes, who identified air as the primary substance. Heraclitus emphasized constant change, famously stating that everything flows, while Parmenides argued that true being is one and unchanging. Empedocles suggested that reality is composed of four elements—earth, water, air, and fire—and Democritus developed the theory of atoms as the basic constituents of matter.


Reading Comprehension - Multiple Choice

1. What characterizes presocratic philosophy?




2. What does the term archē mean?





True / False

3. Presocratic philosophers relied mainly on myth.


4. Heraclitus believed that reality is in constant change.


5. Democritus proposed that everything is made of atoms.



Wednesday, December 24, 2025

The presocratics and the Hylozoism

 


Hylozoism


Hylozoism is a presocratic philosophical doctrine which claims that all matter is alive or possesses a vital principle. Early Greek philosophers such as Thales, Anaximenes, and Heraclitus believed that nature was not inert but active and dynamic. For them, matter and life were inseparable.

This view differed significantly from animism, which explained natural phenomena through external spirits, and from materialism, which regarded matter as lifeless and governed only by physical laws. Hylozoism represents an important transition from mythological explanations of the world to rational and philosophical inquiry, laying early foundations for Western thought.



1️⃣ Multiple Choice

1. What is the central idea of hylozoism?




2. Which philosophers are associated with hylozoism?





2️⃣ True / False

3. Hylozoism separates matter from life.


4. Animism and hylozoism are the same.


5. Hylozoism helped move philosophy away from myth.



Saturday, December 20, 2025

Let's meet Master TEFL Channel


 

Let's Practice Reading skills

 MITO Y LOGOS by karenperezv27 on emaze

Reading Comprehension Quiz

Text: Early Philosophical Explanations of the World

The earliest deliberate efforts to explain the world focused mainly on describing how it developed from a simple and therefore fully understandable origin. By contrast, questions concerning human life appear to have been addressed through a different line of inquiry, one more closely linked to the poetic tradition, in which older inherited assumptions continued to be accepted, even when they were occasionally contradictory. In addition, both the initial state of the world and the process through which it diversified were imagined in anthropomorphic terms, that is, explained as the result of a single progenitor or a pair of progenitors. This genealogical mode of explanation persisted even after the Milesian philosophers definitively abandoned the traditional mythological framework previously discussed. Part of Heraclitus’ originality lies precisely in his radical rejection of this approach.

Reading Comprehension Quiz

Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. What was the main goal of the earliest conscious attempts to explain the world?




2. Questions about human life were treated in the same way as explanations of the natural world.



3. Why were older assumptions sometimes incompatible?




4. What does “anthropomorphic” most nearly mean in the text?




5. Why did genealogical explanations continue after mythology was abandoned?




6. What makes Heraclitus original according to the text?




7. What does “traditional mythological framework” imply?




8. What attitude toward early philosophy is reflected in the text?





Colombian's History Podcasts (Semi-bilingual version)

 


English Version Colombian's History Podcast Project

Friday, December 19, 2025

The New Journal Article 4

Adapted By Daniel Sánchez 

Task: Read the article and Answer the following questions with a partner. Explain how you found the responses.





Reading Comprehension – Origin of the World

1. According to Norse mythology, how did the world begin?

A. Through divine speech
B. From chaos alone
C. From the interaction of fire and ice
D. After human sacrifice

2. What role does Bachué play in Chibcha mythology?

A. She destroys the old world
B. She teaches warfare
C. She creates the sun
D. She gives life and teaches harmony

3. Which culture believed the world had been created and destroyed several times?

A. Greek
B. Jewish
C. Chibcha
D. Aztec

4. What sustains the Aztec Fifth Sun?

A. Natural cycles
B. Human sacrifice
C. Divine order
D. Chaos

5. Greek mythology describes Chaos as the first state of existence.

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

6. The Jewish creation story involves multiple gods.

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

7. All creation myths emphasize harmony with nature.

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

8. From where did Bachué emerge?

9. What did God use to create the world?

10. Creation through spoken command:



Thursday, December 18, 2025

The New Journal Article 3

 

Adapted By Daniel Sánchez 

Task: Read the article and Discuss the following questions with a partner.

Do you consider what people say is always true? why?

I wonder if you know what philosophy means?


Monday, December 15, 2025

Video Podcast Article 2 Australia Goverment enacted laws about Social Media

 


The New Journal Article 2

Adapted By Daniel Sánchez 

Task: Read the article and Discuss the following questions with a partner.

Do you consider the freedom of expression has been violated by the Goverment of Australia? 

How your family life might change if this law were enacted in Colombia?





Wednesday, December 10, 2025

The New Journal Article 1

 Adapted By Daniel Sánchez 

Task: Read the article and Discuss with a partner what you think the main idea of the article is.




Friday, December 5, 2025

No. 1 Introduce yourself

No.1

Do you usually greet people by shaking hands?  

 Well, in today's session we are going to talk about: 

 
 
 
Communication goal: At the end of this session, students will be able to introduce themselves.
 
Expand your vocabulary
 
 
Brainstorming
 
  
 

Look at the picture, and describe it with a partner. If you have any questions about vocabulary, don't worry use the expression: 

- Teacher, How do you say_____________ in English?

 

Well, if your perception is as similar as mine, the description would be something as follows:

"There are 2 men shaking hands, on the right side of the picture there is a guy who is wearing a black silk shirt with khakis with a black belt. What does he look like? Actually, He's swarthy and has a short and curly hair; maybe he is an outgoing and friendly person because of his smile. On the right we can see a white skin man in a light brown sweater responding the greeting.

Related to the weather, it could say it's kind of cold. Additionally, behind him it can see a building that probably is located at the downtown of the city.  

Click on the following link to get extra material and work in small groups.

Link: Click here 

 

That would be really nice, if you can leave me a comment on; and emember if you have any further questions. Don't doubt to let me know and I'll try to respond them as soon as possible.

If you need to understand more about pronunciation follow the following link: Pronunciation Journey Technology Mediated Task Based Learning 

 

Keep in mind << Practice makes perfect >>

 

Kind regards, 

 

M.D in TEFL. Daniel Sánchez  

Saturday, June 7, 2025

How to respond Tell me a little bit about yourself.

 

Tell me a little bit about yourself


By Daniel Sánchez 



 

One of the common questions when we meet others for the first time is: “Tell me a little bit about yourself.” 

Probably there is no a unique way to standardizing the response but here are some tips:

 

1.      Introduce yourself

As a general rule, people expect knowing your name. Start with a warm welcoming phrase:

Let me introduce by myself, I’m [Daniel Alejandro Sánchez Páez] But you can call me Daniel. I live in Bogotá But I'm originaly [in case your birthplace were different were different than your hometown]


2.      Say your profession or occupation 

It is common for people to prefer meeting those they are talking to. An easy way to continue is: 

I hold a technician/Bachelor's Degree / Master's Degree [say your profession and the place you obtained your career diploma], 

E.g. I hold a Master's Degree in English Teaching as a Foreign Language from the International University of La Rioja, Spain.


3.      Express your hobbies and interest

 One of the best ways to connecting to others is showing our sincere and honest passions.

“Additionally, I almost always play piano and practice chess. I’m not consider myself good at playing it; but it helps me to change my environment. Moreover, in my leisure time, I look for indoor activities as playing guitar and singing with my daughter. What really freaking me out is learning new things by documentaries or videos.”


4.      Show your expectations for the future

Finally, closing the speech, expressing your future goals and showing interest on others perspectives, cultures and approaches that demonstrate you are open-minded.

Finally, I would like to understand other cultures and ways to seeing the world; that’s why my concerning of traveling around the world by reading and learning the interculturality we have in the human kind.


Response Model 1   

Let me introduce by myself, I’m [Daniel Alejandro Sánchez Páez] But you can call me Daniel. I’m a Master Degree in English Teaching as a Foreign Language from The International University of La Rioja Spain.

Regarding to my hobbies and interests. I almost always play piano and practice chess. I’m not consider myself good at playing them, but these activities help me out shaping my mind ang getting out of my daily basis task duties.

Moreover, in my leisure time, I look for indoor activities as playing guitar and singing with my daughter Rock and gospel songs. This last is my inner motivation for keeping going on life. Spending high quality time with my family.

On the other hand, what really freaks me out is learning new things on documentaries or videos. I love increasing my knowledge about history, anthropology, psychology and philosophy.

Finally, I have to admit that I would like to understand other cultures and ways to seeing the world. For this reason, my concerning of traveling around the world vibes every day. So, the fastest way to do it is, reading and learning about the existence interculturality that the human kind has.


Writing and speaking production

Activity: Individually, organize your information in the following categories:


·         Introduce yourself
·         Say your profession or occupation
·         Express your hobbies and interest
·         Show your expectations for the future